Molecular Evolution

Genome Architecture

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Genome architecture is the process by which a genome changes in structure (sequence) or size over time. The study of genome evolution involves multiple fields such as structural analysis of the genome, the study of genomic parasites, gene and ancient genome duplications, polyploidy, and comparative genomics. Genome evolution is a constantly changing and evolving field due to the steadily growing number of sequenced genomes, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic, available to the scientific community and the public at large.

A gene is the entire nucleic acid sequence that is necessary for the controlled production of its final product (RNA or Protein). The basic unit of genome architecture is gene these correspond to specific regions in chromosomes (genome), these regions are further organized exons/introns, transcripts, promoter regions, Repetitive regions, Telomeres, centromeres, CpG Islands. In Prokaryotic most bacterial genomes are carried in one circular chromosome Stable replication requires one replication origin (ORI) The Genome is packed with polyamines (stabilizing proteins), In Eukaryotic: The genome is distributed over several linear chromosomes Stable replication occurs from several replication origins within each chromosome, and additionally requires centromeres, Telomeres.